Drs. Ben-David and Joyce evaluate the performance of ctDNA in detecting localized RCC disease recurrence after surgery. Drs. Ben-David, Joyce share an analysis on recurrence-free survival according to ctDNA status in patients with renal masses. Patients with mRCC and primary resistant disease to nivolumab plus ipilimumab have worse survival outcomes. CN may improve OS for patients with metastatic nccRCC compared with systemic therapy alone, especially when combined with IO. A research analysis evaluated tumor-informed ctDNA analysis versus traditional imaging techniques for localized RCC. Pre-op ctDNA in localized RCC is linked to aggressive tumor features and worse RFS, highlighting its prognostic potential. Histologic subtype did not significantly affect 5-year cancer-specific survival after robotic partial nephrectomy for RCC. Patients with ccRCC and nccRCC with tumor thrombus have similar survival outcomes after surgical resection. Dr. Brugarolas reflects on his lab's role in developing HIF-2 inhibitors and his ongoing work to improve patient outcomes. An exploratory analysis revealed a strong OS advantage associated with a PD-L1 combined positive score higher than 1. CA9 imaging and ZIRCON data offer new insight into managing small renal masses and supporting personalized kidney cancer care Drs. Joyce and Chang discuss diagnostic strategies and future innovations in managing small renal masses. Drs. Beckermann and Braun reflect on key lessons from the trial, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing driver mutations. Drs. Beckermann and Braun break down the selection process for neoantigens in the trial for personalized RCC vaccines. Drs. Beckermann and Braun discuss the latter's Nature publication on a personalized neoantigen vaccine for RCC. Patients with mRCC on Medicare have better survival rates compared with patients on Medicaid or with no insurance. A recent proof-of-concept study has further evaluated the efficacy of PSMA-guided MDT for oligometastatic RCC. The panel concludes with future directions in RCC, including HIF inhibitors and biomarker-guided adjuvant strategies. The panel considers how managing real-world patients on novel therapies like belzutifan presents a multitude of challenges. The panel explains how the approval of subcutaneous nivo offers advantages in patient convenience and healthcare efficiency.