Due to the heterogeneity of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC), patients are frequently excluded from phase 3 trials focusing on clear cell RCC, resulting in limited treatment options for those with nccRCC. Francesco Massari, MD, PhD, MSc, and colleagues developed the ARON-1 study to investigate the efficacy of first-line treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) versus immuno-oncology (IO)-based combinations in patients with papillary RCC (pRCC), the most common histological subtype of nccRCC. ...